Which type of deck includes both orthotropic and grid decks?

The correct classification for the type of deck that encompasses both orthotropic and grid decks is indeed the one related to steel decks. Orthotropic decks are composed of thin steel plates, typically with a rigid framework and are designed to efficiently distribute loads, while grid decks feature a series of interconnected members that form a grid pattern, also commonly constructed from steel materials.

Steel as a material offers the necessary properties that allow for the implementation of these deck types, making it an effective choice for various bridge designs. Both orthotropic and grid decks benefit from the strength and lightweight characteristics associated with steel, allowing for effective load management and structural performance.

In contrast, concrete decks primarily consist of reinforced or prestressed concrete and do not incorporate the flexibility and design nuances seen in orthotropic or grid types. Similarly, tension decks and composite decks do not represent the combination of the specified deck styles as they refer to different design principles or materials altogether.