Which of the following factors can affect the lifespan of a bridge?

The lifespan of a bridge is significantly influenced by weather conditions and environmental impacts. These factors include variations in temperature, precipitation, humidity, and exposure to elements such as salt from roadways, which can lead to corrosion. For example, excessive moisture can accelerate the deterioration of materials like concrete and steel, while freezing and thawing cycles can cause structural stress and cracking. Environmental factors like soil erosion or changes in groundwater levels can also affect the stability of the bridge foundations.

Understanding and mitigating these environmental impacts is crucial for maintaining bridge integrity over time, as they directly contribute to the wear and tear that can shorten a bridge's usable life. The other factors listed, while they may have some relevance, do not have as direct an effect on the overall structural longevity of a bridge as weather conditions and environmental impact do.