Which bridge element is most prone to wear from environmental factors?

The deck surface is particularly susceptible to wear from environmental factors due to its direct exposure to weather elements such as rain, snow, ice, and ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. Over time, these environmental conditions can lead to surface deterioration, such as cracking, spalling, and degradation of materials, particularly in concrete and asphalt pavements.

Additionally, the deck surface often faces various traffic loads and can be subjected to the effects of chemical de-icing agents that are commonly used in colder climates, further contributing to its wear and reducing its overall lifespan.

In contrast, while piers, bearings, and expansion joints can also experience wear and deterioration, they are generally better protected from direct environmental impacts compared to the deck surface. Piers are usually submerged or kept wet, bearings may have protective housings, and expansion joints are designed to absorb movements and protect other elements, offering them a degree of resilience against environmental exposure. Thus, the deck surface emerges as the most vulnerable element to these external factors.