A bridge material that is split and spalled is what material?

The material described as split and spalled is typically masonry. When masonry, which includes materials like brick, concrete, and stone, is subjected to moisture, freeze-thaw cycles, or structural overstress, it can develop splits and spalling. Spalling refers to the flaking or chipping away of the surface layer, which often occurs when water enters the porous structure of the masonry, freezes, and expands, leading to the deterioration of the material.

In contrast, wood can experience splitting but does not typically spall in the same manner. Steel may rust or corrode, resulting in different types of degradation, but does not spall. Composite materials may delaminate or experience other forms of failure, but spalling is not a common issue associated with them. Therefore, when examining the characteristics of the damage, masonry is the clear and appropriate choice.